Data and Facts - Gaps

ItNot isn’tJust justSewage holesInfrastructure inHoles sewageTo infrastructure!Act On!

Knowing what we don’t know, (i.e. gaps in data, or legally inaccessible data) is as important as the data that is available to us. Surprise, surprise, there are lots of gaps in data, information is legally inaccessible, or takes wading through bureaucratic systems, stonewalling and obfuscation. Here's just a few of the sink holes and eddy pools to watch out for...

The Law: Makers and Breakers

Say "Law" like Pink Panther to sound closer to the truth! (It's all more like a loo!)

• Defra's designated bathing water status is an opaque process. The idea is flawed - The Great Washout: The Futility of Bathing Water Status's - and public applications generally result in a rejection.
  
  

• Environmental Protection Act Part II is almost unenforceable.unenforceable and unfit for purpose. The Environment Agency (England) can downgrade pollution events from Category 2 or 3 to Cat. 4’s,s. which involve no enforcement actions,  Minimising significance of a practicepollution incident is a disturbingly commonplace practice.

  • Letters seeking information to local authorities responsible for remediation of pollution sources can result in only partial information sharing or buck passing. Engineer oversight incompetence, scientific illiteracy, lost records, or historical memory loss as staff retire and leave can all feel demotivating, when tackling the obstacles alone.

  • Regulatory bodies can be toothless. E.g. Environment Agency failing to monitor water firms in England, data suggests
    
    Similar

  criticisms
  are made of Natural Resources Wales and other regulatory bodies and departments of government.

• Selective

  Scotland's water testingis not privatised, bybut localpollution management, accountability and nationaltransparency authoritiesstill may solely take samples from mid-depth, excluding silt deposits, where most toxic industrial cocktails lie.
  
  

• Water companies can stop sewage outflow to avoid Environment Agency monitoring spot checks.
  
  
• Water companies can dispense with water testing results which will probably suit their purposes. In overflow incidents, they may fail to provide representative data to regulators on licence breaches, or improvement plans.  Surfers Against Sewage 2022-23 Water Quality Report
  
  
• Sites formerly used for military testing are subject to secrecy (e.g. ‘national security’).
  persist. See: RadioactivityScotland Sewage Dumps 2023 | Site History | Land Use
  Denise's 2011 link
  
  
• Commissioning independent scientific analysis or reports means knowing what questions to ask your contractor, to avoid their conflicts of interest compromising your data.
  
  
• Data available may not be real-time, e.g. Rivers Trust (valuable as that is!). We recommend writing a Freedom of Information (FoI) request to water companies to get exact data. Template help here
  
  

• Defra's designated 'bathing water' status is an opaque application process. While achieving it does require closer monitoring by the authorities when achieved, the idea is deeply flawed. See:

  • 'The Great Washout: The Futility of Bathing Water Status'
  • Public applications generally result in a rejection.
  • You cannot trust a Blue Flag bathing beach safety categorisation. Even those beaches with an ‘excellent’apparent 'excellent' rating. rawRaw sewage contamination is still a risk.risk, especially after heavy rain.
  • The government refused to provide the Guardian newspaper with a list of the rivers and coastal areas where bathing water status had been turned down since January 2022. Campaigners have attacked the lack of transparency around this process. Freedom of information requests to find out why an application for a local river has been turned down have been refused by Defra.
  • The application process also minimises the number of local people who may use local waters, because the application asks for number of bathers using the water, but does not include eg paddleboarders, kayakers, let alone dog walkers and paddlers.
  • Signs on-site, warning bathers of hazards can be risible at best, and virtually invisible at worst! Check this out!

• Remember too that sewage is only one among other contaminants that pose a risk to your family's health. Check this government guidance on swimming outdoors. Beware, this says nothing of chemical pollution, which could be particularly risky if a beach borders a historic landfill, or industrial sites.

• More power to your paddleboarding elbow here:

  •  Surfers Against Sewage 2022-23 Water Quality Report
    
  • SAS webpage about Water Quality Testing
    
    

Nature-basedThe solutionsWar acrosson Water

• Ministry of Defence sites formerly used for weapons testing are subject to secrecy laws and confidentiality practices (e.g. 'D Notices', which forbid public access on the basis of ‘national security’). Find out more about the legacy of our military on our environment here:
  • Radioactivity
  • Site History
  • Land Use
  • WWII MoD Legacy 
     
    

The Corporate Water Rats

• Water companies currently have too much power, versus their willingness to act responsibly. E.g.:Selective water testing by water companies, local and national authorities may only mean water samples being taken from mid-depth of rivers, excluding silt deposits, where most toxic industrial legacy cocktails lie.

• Water companies can selectively dispense with water testing results, which can suit their purposes. In sewage overflow incidents, they may fail to provide representative data to regulators on licence breaches. More recently, most water companies now have monitoring devices at combined sewage overflow outlets, but the efficacy of the technology and the interpretation of the data flowing from these needs scrutiny.

• Water companies can also stop sewage outflow at treatment plants to avoid Environment Agency monitoring effectively during site checks. Having advance notice of checks, rather than spot checks, allows this. This practice is a question you might want to ask of your water company.
  
  

• Water company improvement plans may be completely unfit for purpose and lack public input. Inviting water companies to a community assembly to increase accountability and transparency can be a useful way for your local community to ensure they stay on track.

  • A recent community assembly in Wrexham was hailed by local rebels as really useful and the beginning of good connections made with the local water company and the regulatory body. Let's watch the Community Assemblies case studies where local groups address water issues!

• Sewage overflow incident data from water companies may not be real-time. For instance, water companies share information with the. Rivers Trust, who produce a sewage map of overflow event numbers and volume. Valuable as that resource is, it isn't yet ideal until real-time monitoring data is available there.

• One option is writing a Freedom of Information (FoI) request to water companies to get exact data. Wording needs to be well-crafted, to prevent your responder from side-stepping a question. Fortunately, help is available: FoI letter template help here
  
  

• Let's just be clear, though, it isn't just sewage we need to be mindful of, there is also licensed industrial effluent. For local information on incidents in England, Email the Environment Agency about their Pollution Inventory This automated reporting inventory (pollution inventory electronic data capture / PIEDC) "provides information about releases and transfers of substances from regulated industrial activities."

• For Scotland, Ireland and Wales, you will need to check with your regulatory authority. (More on this elsewhere)

• The questions your community or local group might want to ask include:

  • What are the thresholds that trigger reporting and for which chemicals?
  • How do those thresholds compare with permitted levels in other parts of the world?
  • Are these floors to trigger reporting adequate, or does the law need updating?
  • Are safety assessments purely about human health, for which an adult male is the standard and which downplays impacts on children, pregnant women and unborn foetuses?
  • What are the ecological implications of licensing where you are?
  • Are water extraction licenses adequate to reflect changing weather and ecology patterns?
  • Can we trust profiteers or the Environment Agency and other authorities to tell the whole truth, or is it another case of lies, damn lies and statistics?

Our Anthropocene

• Plastic pollution is one of the reasons that archeologists now argue that we are no longer in the Holocene, as our plastic footprint means that our earth's surface is now littered with long term plastic pollution (together with human created climate change escalation) that we need to call our current phase of history the 'Anthropocene'.

• So much to say and so many organisations are already operating in the plastic pollution space, for now, check out our sources of pollution page for links.

• If you are looking to build plastic pollution campaigns at the local level and bewildered at the amount of possible allies, Dirty Water crew will provide your digital armbands to keep you afloat. Watch out for spreadsheets of potential allies, coming soon.

• We aim to help you build your lists of allies, with a searchable spreadsheet of organisations campaigning in water pollution issues. But we also need your co-creation...

• Please help us build our list of contacts at region and nation level by using the editable page of this (soon to launch - as at May 2024) contact list, so those collaborations are not lost over time as people move on.
  

• Meantime, if the circular economy and reduced consumption better than recycling is your swim style, the Ellen McArthur Foundation is a good start.

Where's The Nearest Lighthouse?

Given this lack of transparency and availability of information from authorities and companies, one lever for your group to find information you need is to submit a Freedom of Information (FOI) request. FoI requests are a useful tool to obtain information of any kind from those in power, be they regulatory authorities, government departments, local and unitary authorities, or private companies. That said, FoI requests are not always effectively responded to, particularly if you miss any tricks on how to exercise your rights. FoI requests are a skill worth developing as a group.

• Fortunately, What Do They Know helps you avoid wipeout, offering existing case studies and template letters. Surf the constant tide of previous cases similar to your local situation. Search for information on your water horizon via their website and share your information with others entering those waters after you.

  • A case study on their website, for instance, refers to a local Wales resident who has put in a Freedom of Information request to the national regulatory body, Natural Resources Wales. Now, anyone searching the site for "leachate" will bring this request and similar example cases up. This invaluable resource means your local group will not have to be put off by having to reinvent the wheel and can avoid missing essential questions and exactly how to ask them in your Freedom of Information request.
    
    

• Commissioning independent scientific analysis or reports from consultants means knowing what questions to ask your potential contractor. You need to avoid their conflicts of interest with contracts with local authorities or water companies, for instance. Check if they have such contracts, or have had in the past; this could mean that if you hire them, your data could be compromised by pre-existing confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements, limiting your available data. That risks getting the information you need to hold bodies to account.

  • It is helpful if an independent contractor is to be commissioned to provide your local group with any scientific or engineering report, that you ask them in advance if they obtain any more than 10% of their work from authorities or companies you seek to challenge. If they do significant amounts of work for eg a water company, a local council, or a water regulator, that could mean they will have a conflict of interest. If they are legally bound by in working for those bodies you want to hold to account, then go elsewhere! Greenpeace labs and some university engineering and chemistry departments have been known to support local groups in their research. We'd love to hear of your experiences here.
  • Allies Ahoy! Do you trust the information being provided by your identified engineer, environmental auditor, or other contractor? If not, talk to independent allies such as Friends of the Earth, who may have historic documentation or community connections to bring more information to light. -Fundraising? You will want to check that risk out before you fundraise for such an important fact-finding project. Let's not burn out on such an involved deep dive. If you haven't got the funds to source an independent report, might a crowd-funder help? Get in touch with our
    Fundraising crew RT shelf

Seeking Nature-Based Solutions?

Across UK local planning regimes still leave much to be desired. For instance:

• Does your local authority have a flood risk mitigation strategy? If so, does it include recommendations for tree planting? If your local authority has that documented, are financial constraints hindering implementing and meeting targets? Is this a potential community assembly in the making to bring local people together behind such projects?
• What provision is made for e.g. rewilding areas through upstream land works to let straightened river stretches go back to historic natural paths? Is there scope for beaver population releases to achieve natural landscape engineering affordably and at scale? Does your local nature partnership (LNP), or other national network which involves local communities and lay experts recommend other habitat management plans to mitigate impacts? You may already have connections with local NGO's, but also check out:
  • England: England LNP's
  • Wales: Wales LNP's
  • Scotland : Scotland Local Biodiversity Partnerships
  • Ireland: Ireland's Rights of Nature Public Participation Network
• You have a chance to make a splash if your local authority has declared a Climate Emergency.
• If so, where local landfill sites have a toxic legacy, you can reasonably ask what remediation and mitigation provision is made for leachate risks following heavy rainfall. Is that part of that climate emergency planning process. For example, Are there buffer mechanisms between buried toxic waste and water courses? Some plants reabsorb toxic elements in soils. Are these possible options for your local community to request?
• So many questions arise around toxic landfill... Be sure to check out our Dirty Water Social Justice page. We hope to bring you case studies of legal cases too, as they arise. Alternatively, contact the Dirty Water crew on your local issue to share knowledge and experience! If this is an area of concern for you, we would love to hear from you via our Telegram and Mattermost channels!